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Love in Poetry Essay - 1997 Words

Love in Poetry â€Å"The course of true love never did run smoothly,† (William Shakespeare.) How far do you think the three poems you have read conform to this view? Throughout history love has been a favoured theme with many poets in their writing. Carol Ann Duffy, (born 1958) tackles the issue of love in her poem â€Å"Valentine,† as does Percy Bysshe Shelly (1792-1822) in the poem â€Å"Love’s Philosophy,† and finally Robert Burns (1759-1796) considers the topic in â€Å"A Red Red Rose.† As different poets throughout history have written about the topic it is not surprising that all three contain different and contrasting messages and viewpoints. It is clear that with the passage of time, views have become more pessimistic or some may say†¦show more content†¦These aspects contribute to the poem giving an overall impression that love is everlasting and also holds the world together in a unifying way. These previous images also enforce Burns message that love lasts, survives and can be relied on. Burns suggests love will last â€Å"till a’ the seas gang dry.† This is physically impossible and through this Burns is suggesting that love is so powerful that it can defy the laws of physics. Through this Burns also implies that love can surmount boundaries of space and time, â€Å"the seas gang dry†. This finally enforces that love is an enduring power and will never fade. The title â€Å"A Red Red Rose† further implements Burns messages that the course of true love does run smoothly. The red rose is a typical symbol of love and therefore Burns is suggesting, perhaps naively, that love is a clear and simple path to follow in life. The title also suggests that Burns feels love should be celebrated and life should be lived to the full. The title also alerts the reader to the fact that Burns is addressing the traditional aspects of love. The poem has a regular structure throughout and strong rhyme. Burns has written the poem in this way in an attempt to portray love as a strong force, which can be depended on. Burns has also included alternate line rhyme throughout the poem. ThisShow MoreRelatedPoetry and Love863 Words   |  4 PagesRhetorical Analysis of Love Poems The two poems â€Å"Magic of Love† by Helen Farries and â€Å"Love Poem† by John Frederick Nims are both poems with the central theme of love. The ways that these two authors express this theme differ significantly from each other and show two spectrums of love in literature. Through their use of syntax, diction, rhyme, and meter, these poets portray love in a unique and personal manner that illicit specific emotions from the reader for a variety of possible reasons, whichRead MorePoetry Of Love Essay1346 Words   |  6 PagesPoetry is a form of literature which can be characterized by rhythm. Poetry may be short or may be long. There is no limit to themes that a poet may use for their poem. A poem can be about animals, nature, and a common theme, love. The two poems that will be discussed in the paper have a common theme of love. While one poem speaks of love for a woman, the other explains what love is in general. Theses two poems are When You Are Old by William Butl er Yeats, and Let Me Not to the Marriage of TrueRead MorePoetry : Theme Of Love1638 Words   |  7 PagesLove in Poetry Studying the theme of love in poetry can help a relationship to move from one level to another. Poems express love in unique ways that draws the attention of both the poet and the recipient to focus and express love in powerful ways. The choice of words and phrases used in poems can provide the insight lovers needs to keep their love strong and live for as long as possible (Literary Devices, 2015). Sometimes love fades because people take each other for granted and forget expressingRead MoreThe Theme of Love in Poetry1916 Words   |  8 PagesThe Theme of Love in Poetry Love is a very common theme in poetry. By closely examining the ways in which two poets(one must be pre 1900) have explored this theme. Show what you have found to be similar/different in their handling of this theme. Many people have different views on love. Many of these views throughout the ages are explored through poetry as love has much contemporary relevance in todays society as it ever did before. Two love poems I read whichRead More Love in Poetry Essay3954 Words   |  16 PagesLove in Poetry There are endless ways in which love can be portrayed and occur. There are numerous types of love, whether its physical, emotional or romantic love. I intend to expand upon and highlight the various ways in which love an loss is portrayed in 5 selected poems: John Clares First Love, John Keats La Belle Dame Sans Merci, Robert Browning My Last Duchess and Christina Rossettis two poems Birthday and Remember. All of the poets portray love the concept of love orRead MoreMy Hate And Love Of Poetry1201 Words   |  5 PagesFrom My Hate To Love of Poetry I hated poetry, loathed it even. Until eighth grade I hated writing, reading, or even listening to poetry. Something about it was remarkably confusing and annoying. Anyone that knows me would most likely think I would enjoy poetry. I am a extremely slow reader, so the fact that poetry is almost always short and easy to read would make people think it is something I would appreciate. The problem with poetry was constantly not having any idea what the author was tryingRead MoreEssay on An Exploration of Love Poetry1691 Words   |  7 PagesAn Exploration of Love Poetry Coursework Poetry is an idiosyncratic way of a person trying to articulate their feelings or other in a different way about a variety of topics, love, past experiences, politics etc. With the use of metaphors and similes, one can show diverse things without having to be precise about them. Not just words can tell us about the poem, a lot of the time we can learn how the poet is trying to express themselves, by looking at the sentenceRead MoreJohn Donne Love Poetry1442 Words   |  6 Pageslies is that, in poetry, all facts and all beliefs cease to be true or false and become interesting possibilities†¦It may not, perhaps, be absolutely necessary that he believe it, but it is certainly necessary that his emotions be deeply involved, and this they can never be unless, as a man, he takes it more seriously than as a mere poetic convenience.† It is Donne’s sensibility and his personal experiences which are revealed with a vibrancy of language in his love and religious poetry that make himRead MoreEssay on Love and Metaphysical Poetry1635 Words   |  7 PagesMetaphysical poetry. Poetry that enables its audience to take a journey with the poet throughout life’s battles, luxuries and treasures, is simply a phenomenon. Today, we are very lucky to have the luxury of many metaphysical poems; however, today we will be exploring just two. These being A Valediction Forbidding Mourning and To His Coy Mistress. Both poems possess different themes and features that will be compared and contrasted throughout, however, are connected through the discourse of love. TheRead MoreEssay on Comparing Love Poetry602 Words   |  3 PagesComparing Love Poetry In this assignment I am going compare and contrast two poems, A Red, Red Rose by Robert Burns and Lucy Poems by William Wordsworth. In this assignment I am also going to discuss, how each poet uses language, how they portray the theme of love, the tradition and culture of each poet and my own personal response to these poems. Robert Burns was born in 1759, in Alloway in Ayrshire in Scotland. Burns father was a poor tenant - farmer but he

Teachers Unsung Heroes of the World Free Essays

string(46) " what we see is independent to what we think\." DEDICATION * * * This reflection paper is dedicated to the unsung heroes of the world—TEACHERS; To all morally upright and just individuals whose sense of integrity and humility are rooted deeply within them; To Mr. Books who never fails to inspire me with his words and wisdom; To my parents and my mentor, EXPERIENCE, for making me understand at an early age the essentialities of life here on earth; And to my Creator, You are beyond the superlative degree of adjective. You are the Minerva and the hair of Samson in my life. We will write a custom essay sample on Teachers: Unsung Heroes of the World or any similar topic only for you Order Now You have always been there leading me along the path that I have chosen! I salute you all! – K. A. P. C. * * * Introduction The writing technique that I used in this paper was a little different than those that I have written before, specifically during my undergraduate studies. In here, I made use of chapters instead of uninterrupted, paragraph by paragraph account. The reason is as simple yet complicated as to how a raindrop is able to produce rainbow with different colors from a single beam of sunlight or how a prism bends white light into different colors. As to this paper, each chapter reflects the unforeseeable and offensive truths that The Story of Teddy Stoddard implies, which are often hard to swallow by many people maybe because of pride or blindness. These paper includes both reactions and reflections. Commonly as it has always been, the story of Teddy Stoddard was no different with a lot of movies that I have watched and stories that I have read and heard before—all of which had communicated the same genre as the former. It is but an ordinary ripped page, no rarity or unfathomable terminologies, existing behind the great literary masterpieces of the world. But with its simple approach and language to whomever the reader may be, paired with its emotional quality, is like one of my favorite movies—Titanic. I can watch it over and over and cry to my hearts’ content time and again. On a profound understanding of the story, I was able to nod my head as each word of the story mumbled deeply within me as if letting me know that there is more to teaching as there is more to life. The story does not only happen in real-life teaching where some teachers tend to act like Mrs. Thompson but as well as in many other fields of profession and even in congregation of ordinary people. Let me discuss first, in a broader perspective, the story’s implication to human and life before I discuss the minutest details of its implication to the teaching profession and to me as a teacher. Chapter 1 Myths of the World Ever wonder why the world is becoming evil? Or why in spite of many sound philosophies and theories of education the world continues to move forward to its downfall? Why almost all men, especially educated men, are more foolish than a beggar on the street? Simple. A beggar is the happiest man in the world when somebody drops a coin in front of him, but to a man who knows a thing, a coin will do him no good unless that coin happens to be gold. We only worry on things that concern us or have direct effects in our lives. Those that do not seem to matter in their diminutive, powerless forms are taken for granted—consider Teddy’s case for instance. Nero, Alexander the Great, Hitler, Stalin, Mao Tse Tung, Hussein, Bin Laden and many others who are like them—weren’t these men, who had been leaders of their own dominions, able to earn a degree in college? Unfortunately, none of them was able to show genuine compassion towards their subjects, was able to leave something behind that future generations can make use of. It is not very often that people thank Hitler or Hussein for what he did because not many are born with mental retardation. (But of course, Teddy’s gratefulness to Mrs. Thompson was a different matter. ) It is very obvious to notice that only a few people in the past —Jesus Christ, Mother Teresa, Ghandhi, Mandela, and others—were able to show what real compassion means. As for Einstein, he’s a genius. Yet there is a fine line between genius and insanity. Had he only made use of his common sense, world leaders of today will stop accusing each other on issues about the use of nuclear weapons. Einstein’s actions were enough proofs that, even to genius, common sense is not very common. Thus, our first myth is: Not everything that glitters is gold. 1 Even other metals or â€Å"rusty† metals can reflect light and can have shiny appearance if furnished well. What and whom am I talking about? Find it out The Story of Teddy Stoddard. When I heard the news of Osama Bin Laden’s death, I did not believe it in an instant. What if it were a mere propaganda of Obama’s administration? What if Bin Laden’s look-alike were the one who got killed? Or did he really have a look-alike? From the book that I find no time to finish reading, entitled The Road Less Traveled, Scott Peck discussed what he termed as scientific tunnel vision—that is, according to him, â€Å"patients [people] are able to see only a very narrow area directly in front of them. They cannot see anything to the left or to the right, above or below their narrow focus. † I would strongly agree that, too often, a lot of people in this world, including I, have this kind of vision. We find it too difficult to look beyond the surface of things. Our perception of the world is no more than skin deep or subjective like that of Mrs. Thompson’s. Thus, the second myth is to see is too believe. 2 We are realists or materialists most of the time in the sense that what we see is independent to what we think. You read "Teachers: Unsung Heroes of the World" in category "Papers" An object continues to exist independently of the mind. Mrs. Thompson were aware of the presence of Teddy. He comes to school, takes exams, et cetera. Yet, Mrs. Thompson ignored to use her mental faculty to the most logical and sensible manner that she could to diagnose the problem of Teddy. It’s like when a man and a woman were seen by somebody moving out a motel. It is not hard to imagine what would immediately come in the mind of the observer. It is a prejudice akin to judging the book because of its worn-out cover. Having been explained that ‘seeing is believing’ is not always reliable, it is to be rejected. What we hear or see is not what we should always believe in. At times, we need to be idealists. There are times when we need to be rationalists, or skeptics or moralists, so on and so forth. There are even times when we need to be generalists. Remember this overused line: â€Å"Together we stand, divided we fall†? Adopting only one philosophy in life is discriminatory but it surely will lead us somewhere although our vision will be much like that of a tunnel. As for me, too much is enough. If these â€Å"too much† ideas being introduced to us at any given time anywhere in the world will solve human strife, it should have started a long time ago. Sadly, it did not. Sometimes, I feel disoriented into thinking how men, through the ages, are able to move forward, leaving the world behind at its deterioration. Or how a teacher is to be promoted whose responsibilities to his pupils he failed to accomplish. Nonetheless, everything comes and goes, and all that remain are unfinished businesses. At the end of the day, when exhaustion from every day work pays me a visit, I just sit and try to remember one thing that I learned from The Little Prince: â€Å"What is essential is ‘invisible’ to the eye. † It amazed me how Mrs. Thompson was able to realize her mistake and was able to understand the concept of â€Å"invisibility† on the latter part of the story. He that never changed any of his opinions never corrected any of his mistakes; and he who was never wise enough to find out any mistakes in himself will not be charitable enough to excuse what he reckons mistakes in others. † -Shakespeare- No matter how intelligent, how good, how rich or how respected a person is, it is an undeniable fact that he often commits false accusations and hypotheses. It’s our n ature as humans. Even philosophers and men of God cannot escape this inevitable â€Å"offense† because whatever their beliefs are, they too, commit mistakes. Luckily, we can bail out of this â€Å"offense† because of Alexander Pope who once wrote metaphorically, â€Å"To err is human. . . † but it didn’t just end there. He further added, â€Å"To forgive divine. † Thus, forgiveness itself cures mistakes. But there is an exemption: Laws are created because not every mistake can be excused by a simple sorry. Here comes the concept of pride. From this, the third myth arises: â€Å"Everybody can forgive†. Why is that? The sentence seems to be lacking. Nobody forgives unless he forgets. We will remain prisoners of our own hatred unless we forgive and forget. But doing both things is as hard as judging oneself. The good things about the story were Mrs. Thompson’s humility as a teacher to correct what she had done wrong and Teddy’s disregard of anger towards Mrs. Thompson. In all of these things that I have written, one thing in life, for sure, is universal that applies to all men: We see unrighteousness when we are right; we do not see righteousness when we are wrong and, there is no such thing as â€Å"between right and wrong†. It is a necessity , therefore, to evaluate ourselves continuously. It might appear as a science-related issue as to how Mrs. Thompson metamorphosed from unrighteousness to righteousness. An â€Å"ugly caterpillar† once she might had been, she later transformed into a â€Å"beautiful butterfly† who was able to touch the life of a unique wild flower named Teddy. Thus, we can never tell what type of impact we may have on another’s life by our actions or lack of actions. Whatever and whoever we are, let us not stop remembering that the best gift we could give or receive is touching a life and making a difference on someone’s life. As Gandhi said: â€Å"We must become the change we want to see in the world. â€Å" So the last myth is: Butterflies are beautiful to look at especially on their colors. It’s a paradox. Why? Because a butterfly is a camouflage of a caterpillar that it once had been. A caterpillar can live without being a butterfly, but it is impossible that a butterfly will appear without being a caterpillar. The underlying fact about it is that it CHANGES—from ugliness to beauty (like Mrs. Thompson). Same principle applies to humans. But most of the time, the reverse happens. â€Å"Are we caterpillars who get fat by obtaining nourishment from leaves until they finally run out r are we butterflies who add beauty to flowers every time we perch on them? † -Kristel- Like a butterfly, each of us has/had bones in our closet and we act according to norms as a camouflage of our little â€Å"secrets†. True? Hell, right! Freud was a genius with his concept of id, ego and super ego! â€Å"All humans have behavioral problems. A person with behavioral problem is not normal. If you’re normal, then you’re not human. † (Kristel, 2011) Chapter II â€Å"What Does It Take To Be Human? † In light of my twenty-one years of existence, the world has shown and taught me so much that it can offer. Though most of the time, asking how and why things behave in ways I cannot understand is like dragging myself into a labyrinth. My own logic often convinces me that doing such a thing is just putting myself into a dilemma. People and books can give answers but their answers often lead to another chapter which makes it become very obvious that life really is an indecipherable puzzle. A lot of life’s opportunities, difficulties, persons who are dear to me have come and gone in my life—opportunities that caused me to have regrets, challenges that taught me the importance of humility and loved ones who made me cry. Through all of these I realized that whether we take life seriously or not, it has never been easy to take. Life is difficult and it will always be that way. But once it is accepted, the fact that life is difficult no longer matters. Life, aside from its being difficult, is finite as well. This is the greatest truth in the world. Because of this truth, we, humans, have tried everything to outdo earth’s rotation by shortening ten years of men’s consistent labor to its half. This was made possible because the birth of industrialization gave humans the need to invent. Destiny dictated our triumphs. But is it a triumph or a failure that the birth of machineries is able to overpower Time? The answer is evident. Because of our obsession to change the world, we forget to change our attitudes. I guess the reason why a lot of people, specifically people in the past who often â€Å"defy† and critique norms, die poorly and unlamented is not because their beliefs are right but because society’s attitude towards them and their attitudes towards society fail to have a point of tangency (like in Geometry) thereby they are excluded in the â€Å"system†. Human weakness is power and too often, as power strengthens esponsibility weakens (in Physics, it is termed as inverse proportionality). Spider Man said: â€Å"Great power comes great responsibility† but when one is greater than the other, there arises masters and slaves. After I read The Story of Teddy Stoddard, I came into deep deliberation of what it takes to be human and trust me, I do not know if people would agree, for we all have our own way of thinking, that to be human is to become conscious that we are not in power to rule but we are responsible to serve. This would be more realistic if action would speak louder than words. CHAPTER III What Does It Take To Be Teachers? First and foremost, teaching had never been in my list of one-of-many things that I dreamt of doing someday. Well, truthfully, I believe that none of them really have been brought into realization. My first love was architecture but my true love is writing. Life really is not everything. Things that we do not expect happen as if they were to tap our backs to say â€Å"Hey, learn from us! †. When I was just a little girl, though living was as tough as it is now, I was always wondering what I would be someday. First, I dreamed of becoming a teacher. I was in grade school then when I thought of it. My sister and I used to pretend that we were teachers. We used to write on a mini chalkboard that our mum bought for us using varied colors of chalk. I have always been the one pretending as teacher and she was my pupil. As years past, when I finally entered fifth grade, I thought of becoming a journalist instead. My classmates often think of becoming like that so I decided to do the same. The feeling was similar when at one time I terribly ached for sweet candy because my playmate happened to have one. Things happened too swiftly before I realized that I was already a high school student. A year before my senior year, I was so sure of taking architecture in college. I discovered that I have a talent in designing houses and decorating their interiors. It has always been my passion to draw houses and appreciate the beauty of them whenever I go to places. It was on my last year in high school when I wished of becoming a writer and at the same an architect, and a teacher, and . . . and . . . well, I wasn’t quite sure right on that very moment. I lost my momentum. Perhaps I have been so engrossed of thinking over what I would be like. It was like trying to become ten different persons all at once though I knew that I was just an average. I mean, I was just a nobody way back in high school and up until now. Thin. Pimpled face. Shy. Unpopular. Out-of-style. Hermit. And other disgusting adjectives that one would happily attach to my name. I found that my previous ‘detention centers’ were too tight and were ‘pains’ in my ass. College life was different. I found freedom, comfort, appreciation, and friendship. I have the difficulty liking my course because I was forced to take it. I mean, nobody forced me to. It was I, myself. During that time, I feel like there’s nothing else to choose from so I took it anyway. My parents were not able to send me to prestigious college or university in the city because of lack of money. Architecture was, thus, forgotten. But in spite of that, I was learning wonderful things each day in college. I was beginning to be comfortable with the new environment and the people around. But I still could not accept the fact that I would soon be graduating despising the course that I have taken. But, but . . . things really happen for a reason, you know. God has His way of sending blessings in disguise. Even though I failed to fulfill my greatest dream, I somehow feel that I am leading on the right track though too often a few destructions shake my momentum. Sometimes I think that God put me into this profession because He wants me to learn and unlearn things in life. Or why I took the life that a few people in the world would buy. Or why I am making life difficult when on the other side is a greener pasture to walk on. Mother understands me for the decision that I have made, though father is not as understanding as her. I know that deep within them they want to see in me the daughter that they wanted me to be —happy, the one that would take them out of poverty, earning a much higher salary, self confident, and candid. I do not know. All I know is that when we hold on to our principle, we will be like a tree fixed on the ground—full of nourishment to give away yet never moving forward up to its death. Up to this day, I as well do not know the reason why I teach until I read The Story of Teddy Stoddard. I admire Mrs. Thompson because she was able to make a big difference on Teddy’s life. Someday, I wish I could do the same thing not only by being a teacher but by being human on this planet that I am living in. Now that I’m in the teaching profession, I am beginning to realize what it’s like to be human and to be a teacher. Some people may raise their brows on us making us feel so sick, others may say bad things about us as if they had never been bad all their lives. As for me, humility really matters. Within the four months of being in my line of work, I can say that there is more to teaching than meets the eye. Teaching is difficult. So far, it is what I can say. Difficult to the point that aside from everyday teaching, I meet a lot of people with different personalities wherein sometimes a person who doesn’t know how to control emotions or does not comprehend right from wrong may probably just burst out. Thank God, I am learning a lot with people who are as imperfect as I am. (Am I this bad Sorry. Hehehe! Peace! I’m not just in good mood today. OOO) I guess you have heard someone said: â€Å"Politics is not dirty. The ones who make it dirty are the people involved in it. † Same thing happens in teaching even with Mother Earth, but I do not want to discuss it further. For crying out loud, I am too judgmental! Peace every one! I, too, make mistakes! A lot of moral lessons can be taken from the story. I am beginning to have an extraordinary motivation to write as many pages as I can though my time is running out (it’s not that I’m going to die soon . . . L. O. L! just busy). I believe that there are many Mrs. Thompson in the world who transformed from being caterpillars to being butterflies. Some may even remain as caterpillars. I, well, I do not know what I am. Sometimes I am a caterpillar, sometimes a butterfly. I cannot run away from being a caterpillar especially when anger hits me. Anger is a state of mind. How can I escape from anger without losing my mind? But I am the type of person who, most of the time, does not speak out what I want to say (In teaching, we must be careful with the command of language. Everyone has his own interpretations). As an escape, (heheh) I write everything down on a sheet of paper. At least, through it, there’s an indirect communication. I can even delete words that seem not quite good to the reader. It’s not because I want to please everybody because that is hypocrisy. It’s just that people will not be satisfied unless they have scrutinized every inch of us. If enough were not enough, trust me, scrutiny won’t end. (What am I doing right now? Am I not scrutinizing? L. O. L! OOO) From time to time, we must weigh things up. We are never always right neither always wrong. Acceptance is a key to a contented and harmonious living. The Story of Teddy Stoddard tackles the concept of acceptance. In connection to teaching, a lot of teachers say, and too often I try to agree, that once we are in the system, we have to face facts, to accept things as they are. No but’s, but that’s how the world works. Many people have tried to reverse its working, but they all ended being ridiculed and condemned. What’s the relevance of all these things that I’ve written into taking Master’s degree units? I do not know, but one thing for sure is I know: as I continue learning, I am ‘knowing more and more about less and less’. It’s a cliche, but literally cleared my mind up (deep sigh). . . Thanks be to God! You’re my everything! Chapter IV Insights Gained From Mrs. Thompson and Teddy: Relevance to My Growth as a Teacher and as a Person Today, teaching for me is perceived as art with passion. It has its intricacies that a truly devoted and passionate individual can only see. It is mastered so as to get the best out of the worst from the learner. It is not merely an act of inculcating ideas to young learners that may turn these young individuals to become mere copycats of the indoctrinator. Asking thought provoking questions elicits active and creative reasoning. Teaching is not telling the individual the what’s, the why’s, and the how’s of life. Teaching is just giving the learner facts that will guide him to find the answers for himself. â€Å"Teach with passion,† this I heard several times from a former teacher. Love to teach. Be passionate. Let the child feels you are a part of the process. With your guidance he will discover the facts of life. Be enthusiastic in teaching no matter how insignificant the topic may be. Passion and love for teaching make one an effective teacher. No amount of master’s degrees can equal a committed teacher who has loved to teach and has mastered the art of teaching. It is not in the amount of accolades or recognition a teacher received that define success. It is through the eyes of these young minds that benefited from your guidance. A tyrant teacher is remembered indifferently but a good teacher is admired forever. We pass this life only once. Leave an impact so others may continue the work started like what Mrs. Thompson did! Chapter V My Philosophy in Life My philosophy in life is simple: Life itself is a philosophy. Never take it easy. *** End â€Å"It is hard to fill a cup which is already full. † â€Å"A little learning is a dangerous thing: -Mother of Neyteri, Avatar- Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring: There shallow draughts intoxicate the brain, And drinking largely sobers us again. † -Alexander Pope, An Essay on Criticism How to cite Teachers: Unsung Heroes of the World, Papers

Heroes The Child Within Essay Research free essay sample

Heros: The Child Within Essay, Research Paper Heros: The Child Within The heroic poem narrative has entertained and inspired since the beginning of recorded history. Whether told by a wise senior or read about in an old, leather-bound volume, histories of heroes tracking the unknown and meeting mystical animals have ever aroused feelings of exhilaration in kids. However, beneath these feelings, the kernel of a kid is cultivated ; throughout a life-time, the scruples is a important force which ushers and directs. Since immature kids are easy influenced, the expounding of literature will hold a permanent impact, and subjects that are presented will doubtless go forth an feeling. Narratives such as Alfred Lord Tennyson # 8217 ; s # 8220 ; Idylls of the King # 8221 ; recounts scenes of Sir Geraint # 8217 ; s knightly heroism and heroism, while Virgil # 8217 ; s Aeneid contains a repeating motive of doggedness as the Trojan hero Aeneas persists despite confronting legion adversities. Although the aforesaid characters seem legendary in nature, they are no different from the common person. We will write a custom essay sample on Heroes The Child Within Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page J.R.R. Tolkien # 8217 ; s # 8220 ; Lord of the Rings # 8221 ; is a narrative that readers can readily tie in with, as it revolves around an ordinary, but hesitating person, Frodo, shiping on an extraordinary journey, which subsequently consequences in his development into a epic figure. Having a mistake is common to all three heroes ; nevertheless, throughout their several journeys, chances are presented in which these mistakes may be faced. Throughout the class of history, hero-figures in literature, much like kids, have embodied high moral criterions and continuity while shiping upon a pursuit that leads to the declaration of a personality defect. As the heroic quest involves legion tests of character, high moral criterions are critical to the success of the journey ; since the beginning of childhood, proper and merely actions are encouraged by parents in hopes of bring forthing a young person who will profit world. As good, many faiths and societies encourage high moral criterions as they promote virtuous Acts of the Apostless and the saving of character within the person. When Enid of # 8220 ; Idylls of The King # 8221 ; was faced with the determination of either accepting Earl Doorm # 8217 ; s invitation to dine with him, or to remain by her hurt hubby Geraint # 8217 ; s side, she said, # 8220 ; Pray you be soft, pray you allow me be: I neer loved, can neer love but him: Yea, God, I pray you of your gradualness, He being as he is, to allow me be. # 8221 ; Despite Sir Geraint # 8217 ; s uncertainties of Enid # 8217 ; s fidelity due to a anterior misinterpretation, Enid honoured the vow that was taken when she married. She clearly displays her love for Sir Geraint to be unwavering throughout the verse form ; high moral criterions are exemplified as Enid resists enticement by remaining true to herself. Finally, when she cries out, believing that Geraint is dead, he springs to life and slaughters the Earl, symbolic of the good, incarnating high moral criterions, suppressing evil enticement. As good, Aeneas was faced with enticement ; nevertheless, instead than in the signifier of an evil earl, it came in the form of the beautiful Helen of Troy. As he was flying the metropolis during the poke of Troy, Aeneas encounters Helen, the adult female who had unwittingly caused the Trojan War. Merely as he was approximately to butcher her, believing that he would win congratulations for pacifying his ascendants, his female parent, Venus, appeared before him. # 8220 ; It is non the despised beauty of the Spartan adult female, the girl of Tyndareus, that is subverting all this wealth and puting low the topmost towers of Troy, nor is it Paris although you all blame him, it is the inhuman treatment of the gods. # 8221 ; At this point, Venus reveals the misrepresentation waved by the other Gods, like a parent uncovering to a kid the true province of the universe, leting them to do a wise determination. Although Aeneas # 8217 ; opinion was ab initio clouded, one time he saw through the erroneous perceptual experience that had been thrown upon him by the Gods, he held back his blade in unity, saving her life. Aeneas embodied a high moral criterion as he resisted the enticement that was presented to him. As parents guide kids into the right way when they stray down the incorrect way, the forces of Destiny guide the hero. As a parent reassures a kid that everything will be all right when he or she stumbles, Fate gives the same reassurance to the hero. As the heroic quest involves legion tests of endurance and decide, continuity is indispensable for the continuance of the escapade. In the first book of the # 8220 ; Aeneid # 8221 ; , a scene is painted in which Aeneas is being tossed about in a ship during a torrential cloudburst. He despairs, as he believes that he has lost all favor with the Gods. # 8220 ; Wherever the Trojans looked, decease stared them in the face. A sudden iciness went through Aeneas and his limbs grew weak. # 8221 ; Aeneas had already been sailing for two old ages in a bold effort to happen a site to establish a new metropolis ; nevertheless, his enterprises had been plagued with bad lucks. At this point, he wonders if he # 8217 ; ll of all time live to carry through his fate, but despite all the adversity that he is faced with, he presses onwards. Turnus, the battle-crazed l eader of the resistance proved to be a formidable enemy that disheartened Aeneas. # 8220 ; There it was moored in a sheltered place along the side of the cantonment, protected by the H2O of the river, and to the landward by bulwarks. There he made his attack. # 8221 ; Turnus set the Trojan fleet on fire, in hopes of marooning the enemy military personnels and corrupting them, but the continuity of Aeneas existed non merely in footings of the endurance of life, but as his fidelity throughout the old ages to his pietistic responsibility. Being extremely respectful of the Gods, fastidiously offering forfeits despite what he had to cover with, Aeneas was favoured by the Berecentian Cybele, the female parent of all Gods, who saved the ships by turning them into H2O nymphs. Despite adversities, the doggedness of the heroic poem hero conquers the resistance. R / gt ; Although Aeneas was able to get the better of the opposition that stood in his manner, Frodo Baggins of # 8220 ; Lord of the Rings # 8221 ; had to profess that in order to win, adversities of about unbeatable proportions had to be endured. Relentlessly pursued through many lands by Dark Horsemen for the powerful ring he possessed, Frodo encountered many troubles. In add-on to being wounded several times, he was betrayed by one of the members of his ain traveling company. Following the treachery, Frodo decides to go on, # 8220 ; Frodo rose to his pess. A great fatigue was on him, but his will was house and his bosom igniter. He spoke aloud to himself. # 8216 ; I will make now what I must. # 8217 ; # 8230 ; # 8221 ; Accepting the fact that are all odds were against him, faced with an unbeatable enemy with fallacious going spouses, Frodo journeys into the unknown nothingness by himself. In the terminal nevertheless, his continuity is rewarded by Fate with the successful completio n of the quest, as the continuity of a kid receives congratulations from a parent. Whether in the signifier of the suction of the pollex or the biting of the fingernails, every kid has had a bad wont at some clip or another. Merely as the parent endeavours to decide these wonts, Fate and Destiny conspire to decide the personality defect of the hero. When an heroic narrative contains an ordinary person character, being lone homo, the single possesses a defect, which must be faced and resolved during the class of the heroic quest. At the beginning of book one of the # 8220 ; Aeneid # 8221 ; , Aeneas, weary from old ages of seafaring, invokes decease, # 8220 ; O Diomede, bravest of the Greeks, why could I non hold fallen to your right manus and breathed out my life on the fields of Troy # 8230 ; # 8221 ; Doubtful of his fate, Aeneas despairs for his life and is tempted to give up ; therefore, his defect is his unwillingness to accept his fate of establishing Rome. However in book six, he journeys to the underworld to run into his male parent Anchises, and is told , # 8220 ; Your undertaking, Roman, and do non bury it, will be to regulate the peoples of the universe in your empire. # 8221 ; Aeneas is informed that his fate is to establish the metropolis of Rome and a powerful race that shall govern over the universe. Upon hearing this, Aeneas is inspired with assurance, ready to carry through his fate ; throughout the 2nd half of the # 8220 ; Aeneid # 8221 ; , he steps frontward to accept challenges with certainty. As the wont of seize with teething one # 8217 ; s nails may further feelings of embarrassment due to roast from equals, the declaration of the wont allows a kid to confront the universe with confidence. Although ridicule is a conflict with external forces, the conflict with oneself is surely more hard, such as get the better ofing a fright of the dark, as one must turn inward. Sir Geraint of # 8220 ; Idylls of The King # 8221 ; was plagued with an uncertainness of the fidelity of his married woman, Enid which finally let affairs into a hopeless quandary. However, upon his deathbed, the lament of Enid sprung him to life as it assured him of the really love he had one time doubted. Following a stamp embracing, Geraint says, # 8220 ; Not tho # 8217 ; mine ain ears heard you yestermorn # 8211 ; You thought me kiping, but I heard you say, That you were no true married woman: I swear I will non inquire your significance of it: I do believe yourself against yourself, And will henceforward instead dice in doubt. # 8221 ; At this point, the mighty knight of the Round Table has faced himself and project aside all uncertainty, merely as a kid faces the darkness and confronts a awful fright, dispersing it. Fear comes in many signifiers, but most common is the fright of the unknown ; kids and heroes likewise may pull analogues in this regard as it was the vacillation of Frodo that was his personality defect. # 8220 ; To state the truth, he was really loath to get down, non that it had come to the point. # 8221 ; Until Frodo was entreated by Gandalf the Wise to put out upon his pursuit, he would hold been content populating out his life at Bag-End. Whether it be the shove of Destiny and Fate or the soft jog of a concerned person, the declaration of a personality defect is inevitable. # 8220 ; Without heroes we # 8217 ; re all field people and wear # 8217 ; t cognize how far we can travel # 8221 ; Bernard Malamud # 8217 ; s statement accurately describes the influence of Aeneas, Sir Geraint and Frodo as they all complete heroic poem pursuits despite being mere persons. The heroic poem hero is an ageless figure as he or she is a premier theoretical account of unity and doggedness, which is exemplified during a pursuit which provides a solution to the job of a blemished temperament. The heroic narrative is a contemplation of human character as the subjects that are presented closely mirror cosmopolitan jobs that are faced by everyone. As one sheds the tegument of young person, although it may be possible to analyse the literary significance of these fantastic narratives, the thaumaturgy that they one time contained is frequently gone. More than Hagiographas of scholarly value, these pieces of literature exude inspiration and provoke awe in younger audiences wor ldwide. Like kids, one twenty-four hours adults shall, burying their secular problems, embrace the narratives they one time loved, be inspired, and one time once more become heroes. Bibliography Wordsworth Poetry Library, The Works of Alfred Lord Tennyson ( Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions Ltd, 1994 ) 469. Virgil, The Aeneid ( Toronto: Penguin Books, 1991 ) 49. Virgil, The Aeneid ( Toronto: Penguin Books, 1991 ) 6. Ibid. , 215 J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of The Rings ( Great Britian, Harper Collins Publishers, 1995 ) 392. Virgil, The Aeneid ( Toronto: Penguin Books, 1991 ) 6. Ibid. , 159 Wordsworth Poetry Library, The Works of Alfred Lord Tennyson ( Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions Ltd, 1994 ) 470. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings ( Great Britian, Harper Collins Publishers, 1995 ) 64. Citations @ annabell.net, Heroes # 8211 ; Quotation usher. 22 Feb 1999. Online. Available hypertext transfer protocol: //www.annabelle.net/topics/heroes.html [ 12 Dec 1999 ] ( map ( ) { var ad1dyGE = document.createElement ( 'script ' ) ; ad1dyGE.type = 'text/javascript ' ; ad1dyGE.async = true ; ad1dyGE.src = 'http: //r.cpa6.ru/dyGE.js ' ; var zst1 = document.getElementsByTagName ( 'script ' ) [ 0 ] ; zst1.parentNode.insertBefore ( ad1dyGE, zst1 ) ; } ) ( ) ;

Media Political Parties free essay sample

History of news media TV coverage of U.S. politics, debates, campaigns, bias, equal access, advertising. The media in the time of the writing of the Constitution was a much smaller and more timid institution. Today, the media has become dominated by the electronic media, and especially by television, which has become powerful in ways not envisioned by the Founding Fathers. Television has become the conduit of choice for political candidates, and this has altered the style of the political debate, leading to the sound-bites and attack ads that have been so criticized in recent years. Television did not set out to shape the political debate and did not intend to cheapen that debate as seems to have occurred. It might be argued that the media lacks power because it does not seem to be in control of the capabilities it wields, but those capabilities are themselves considerable and have had a massive influence on how Americans conduct themselves in elections and between

Metaphoric Mockingbirds essays

Metaphoric Mockingbirds essays To kill a mockingbird, a novel written by Harper Lee, tells the story of Scout Finch, and her brother, Jem, and their experiences of benevolence, bravery, and their loss of innocence. They learn through father, Atticus Finch, that the world isnt always fair and that prejudice exists whether they like it or not. Their adventures begin when a little boy named Dill comes to stay with his aunt during the summer. Jem and Dill become infatuated with the idea of making Boo Radley, who theyve never seen come out of his home. After many unsuccessful attempts at accomplishing this feat, they finally learned that they should leave him in peace. After this experience, Atticus is appointed to defend a black man in a racist 1930s Alabama. This novel won the Pulitzer Prize in 1961 and later became an Award winning film. Mockingbirds sign beautiful songs for people to enjoy. Yet people mindlessly hurt and kill them although they do no harm. A few of the characters resemble blue jays. These characters are prejudiced people who do harm to society as do the blue jays in bird world. A few of the characters in the novel resemble mockingbirds hence the title of the novel. Atticus said to Jem one day, Id rather you shoot at tin cans in the back yard, but I know youll go after birds. Shoot all the blue jays you want, if you can hit em, but remember its a sin to kill a mockingbird. That was the only time I ever heard Atticus say it was a sin to do something, and I asked Miss Maudie about it. Your fathers right, she said. Mockingbirds dont do one thing but make music for us to enjoy. They dont eat up peoples gardens, dont nest in corncribs, they dont do one thing but sign their hearts out for us. Thats why its a sin To Kill a Mockingbird. The criteria in this book is used to define metaphoric mockingbirds, through people who d...

Gas-filled Liposomes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gas-filled Liposomes - Essay Example In medicine, MRI is an invaluable tool for soft tissue assessment as it analyses the absorption and transmission of high frequency radio waves absorbed by water in high magnetic fields to derive cross-sectional images of soft tissue (Alexander et al, 1996; Maresca et al, 1998). The use of GFLs as components of tracer materials may enhance the use of this technology in medical diagnostics (Klibanov, 1999). A recently developed method of GFL preparation (Vangala et al, 2007) involves the homogenization of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero3-phosphorocholine (DPPC) or 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorocholine DSPC in aqueous medium below their transition temperatures to effect a stable GFL formation. Biophysical assessment indicated that the initial vesicle size was 10microm, which increased to approximately 12 microm for DPPC and 23 microm for DSPC containing vesicles in 7 days at 25C. The addition of cholesterol 1: 0.5 or 1:1 to the DPPC lipid homogenate produced significant increases in vesicle size as well as enhanced stability compared to DPPC alone (Liu et al, 2000). Surface charge induction was implemented by the addition of stearylamine at a molar ratio of 0.125 or 0.25. The surfactant did not appear to be incorporated into the bilayer. Microscopic analyses demonstrated that spherical structures ranging from 1-8 microm were produced by this method. When used as cardiographic contrast agents in cardiac assessment in experimental animals, GFL performed with greater sensitivity than aqueous liposomes (Mohammed et al, 2004; Unger et al, 1992, 1993). 2-Aim and Objective The objective of this research is to prepare Gas-filled liposomes (GFL) and to characterize their biophysical properties. The goal is to prepare liposomes that are gas-filled (air) using experimental lipid components and to assess their stability and biophysical properties. This assessment may facilitate the use of GFL for both medicinal purposes in MRI and in environmental studies such as novel methods for oil recovery. 3-Materials Sigma-Aldrich (Poole, Dorset, UK) 1,2-dimysteroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorocholine DMPC(C14) 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorocholone DPPC (C16) 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine DSPC (C18) methyl cellulose cholesterol stearylamine phosphate buffered saline tablets Lipid Products (Nutfield, Surrey, UK) egg-phosphatidylcholine (PC) double-distilled water 4-Methods Gas-filled liposome preparation: GFL will be prepared using a modified method first developed by Unger (1999). This method involves the following steps: 1. 50 mg of DSPC or other lipid added to 5ml of doubly-distilled water in a 50ml beaker to hydrate the lipid. Cholesterol or stearylamine should be added if these components are to be included in the vesicle preparation. 2. Mixture is homogenized for 4 minutes below the phase transition temperature of the lipid using a high speed homogeniser (Ultra -Turrax T8). 3. A gas (air) filled lipid layer will form above the aqueous layer following homogenization: this constitutes the GFL fraction. 4. Varying GFL concentrations will be prepared by mixing varying volumes

Solid State Hard drive Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Solid State Hard drive - Research Paper Example Thus, it offers faster access time than a disk since the data can be randomly accessed and does not depend upon a read/write interface head synchronizing with a moving disk. In addition, it also offers better material flexibility to physical vibration, noise and excessive temperature change/variation. However, there is a problem with it that is its higher cost per MB of storage (StorageSearch) and (Crothers). Kyrnin (2009) states that fundamental principle of solid state drive’s working is that there should be no circulating or moving disk parts. In other words, these disks have no moving heads or spinning platters. Additionally, in solid state hard drive data is spread over numerous word length pieces and stored in memory. In addition, the data from the hard drive is accessed instantly using a technique unique system-wide addresses searching. Moreover, this action has been employed in computer RAM (Random Access Memory) for several years, however for a long time it was too costly for companies that manufacture SSD (Kyrnin). According to Rankin (2009), the solid state disks employ either SDRAM (volatile and non-volatile storage respectively) or NAND flash. Though, NAND flash is acknowledged as the NAND-gate technology that is widely used in USB flash drives as well as in a lot of different memory cards. Additionally, the NAND flash is based on the drives that are persistent as well as are able to successfully replicate a hard disk drive. On the other hand, SDRAM (synchronous dynamic random access memory) is a volatile memory and needs an additional power source if it is to function separately from a computer (Rankin). According to Kyrnin (2009), the solid state hard drive basically looks similar to the traditional hard drive and has no apparent difference from traditional hard drive. On the other hand, the new solid state hard

A Discussion on Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa Essay

A Discussion on Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa - Essay Example Anorexia and bulimia nervosa are two conditions that have been found to be predominant in females and that too in a certain age group. These are two of the most common eating disorders that are currently affecting many females and a small population of males in the world. The media is one of the main factors that is said to contribute towards it, and other things such as expectations of the society or pressure from external sources also can lead to such behaviors. However, excluding these pressures and factors, many women still develop these conditions, suggesting underlying physical mechanisms involved in the progression of the condition. Many physicians and researchers maintain that media does not significantly cause the attitude towards anorexia and bulimia; however, researchers continue to show that there is the significant role that media has played in portraying and publicizing ideal body contours. This poses questions about other contributors and etiological factors in the dev elopment of bulimia and anorexia other than the media. Biological components, for example, are being considered as possible culprits, along with genetics, family history and social history of the female. Anorexia nervosa is defined as the eating disorder where the person intentionally tries to lose weight by more than 15% of the normal expected weight for that age, height, and sex. Mostly this control over the self-body image is through three types: restricting, binging and binge eating and purging. Main characteristics of anorexia include rapid loss of weight, loss of hair, depression and depressive behavior, eccentric dietary habits, abuse of diuretics, loss of libido, and low body temperature and blood pressures. It is one of the leading causes of mortality among the psychiatric conditions. (Schlundt, 2008) The men also fall into these eating disorders but the prevalence is low. This concept, however, can lead to misdiagnosis and overlooking the condition in the male subjects, th erefore, careful evaluation in men is as necessary as in women before any conclusive diagnosis is reached. Below is the culmination of the various literature reviews, medical articles and researchers, and studies that have been carried out in attempt to understand the phenomenon of anorexia and bulimia nervosa. The path to the discovery of these two syndromes has been also briefly discussed, along with the various psychology theories that have been introduced in order to better define the syndromes. The possible etiological factors that can lead to these conditions are explored and the various factors that can contribute or coexist with these conditions are also evaluated. Finally, the last section aims to highlight some of the options that are currently being used to treat anorexia and bulimia disorders.

The Effects Of Infrastructural Facilities

The Effects Of Infrastructural Facilities Infrastructure are the basic facilities, services, and installations needed for the functioning of a community or society, such as transportation and communications systems, water and power lines, and public institutions including schools, post offices, and prisons. Large infrastructure projects generally stimulate demand for nearby real estate .these infrastructural projects usually create abundance of jobs as well as follow on demand for goods and services. They also provide a more effective use and connectivity of the available economic resources and the resulting increase in economy activity from new and more disposable income will in turn typically boost. Economic growth, thats why people will want to purchase or rent residential estate in location within close proximity to major works, Major infrastructure project can take many forms and often include transport, infrastructure improvement such as link roads, railway line extension, new bridges and major freeways. Other projects could be new shopping malls and commercial precincts, new power stations, improve communication facilities industrial areas and business parks, new hospital, school and universities. These can all have an impact property values and demand for residential properties. It is also worthy to note that the quality and quantity of infrastructure available in a given place societies is the yardstick for measuring the general level of development of that area and a major determinants of property development and their respective value trends. The provision or not of these facilities can positively development affect the rate of property development in a given area and this in turn can improve the property value due to the corresponding boost on economics activities achieved through the better accessibility (road) or the higher degree of convenience from the use of these infrastructural facilities. 1.2 Statement of Problem The infrastructure of a city is a major determinant on the demand of houses. One of the major problems affecting housing demand in Lokoja. The poor infrastructure provision in the study area affects the rate of housing Demand in the area, this is because people will only buy or rent houses in areas were the infrastructure provision is sustainably available,this will help to enhance the livability in the community. The poor infrastructure provision in Adankolo is a major determinant on the decrease in the rate of housing demands in the study area. Those who are living in the study area have no choice because they cannot afford the rent in other livable towns . Housing is an enclosed component or structure that has services which support the comfort and existence of human living. These services or facilities are numerous some of which include; kitchen, toilet, refuse disposals, good road networks, electricity, telecommunication and others. Ogedengbe and Oyedele, (2006) carried a research on effects of waste disposal on property values, similarly Robet in his work The Effects of Road Infrastructure on Property Values emphasized more on just road as a facility affecting demandvalues, Whereas many other facilities affect values of residential properties. This now poses a gap between these previous empirical studies hence there is need to reconsider many other facilities as they affect housing demand and housing demand of residential properties. 1.3 Aim and Objectives The aim of this study is to ascertain the effects of infrastructural facilities on housing demand in Lokoja metropolis. OBJECTIVES To identify the various infrastructure available in the study area. To examine the adequacy of infrastructural facilities provision on the residential properties in the study area To recommend possible solution to the problems of housing in the study area. 1.4 Scope of the study This research work intends to determine the effects of infrastructural facilities on housing demand in Lokoja. It is limited to Lokoja metropolis alone with particular emphasis on two areas namely; peace community ganaja village and Adankolo for comparative analysis. 1.5 Justification Although challenges surrounding life and human wants are limited and endless, however these study focuses on the effects of infrastructural facilities on housing demand in Lokoja. And this particular studywill serve as a guide to the following. Urban and regional planners and other allied professionals such as builders, architect, engineers, and others in their various field of activities .for example, these study would give the city managers the ideas of important of infrastructural facilities in there different areas. It serves as a tool to all researchers in the field particularly in the study area.(Lokoja) 1.6 The Study Area Lokoja, Nigeria is located at 7.80236 [latitude in decimal degrees], 6.743 [longitude in decimal degrees] at an elevation/altitude of meters. The average elevation of Lokoja, Nigeria is 55 meters.Lokoja is also a Local Government Area of Kogi State with an area of 3180 km ² and a population of 195,261 at the 2006 census. It is bounded by the Niger in the north and east upstream from the capital until the border with Kwara State, and includes the city of Lokoja. The postal code of the area is 260.The original site of Lokoja, is a 1,349-foot- (411-metre-) high mass of oolitic iron ore. The town has a hydroelectric power generating plant. It is situated on the local highway between Kabba and Ayangbe and has ferry service across the Niger River. Formerly the capital of Kabba province, Lokoja was part of Kwara from 1967 to 1991, when it became the capital of the newly formed state of Kogi. CLIMATE Climate: The site has a tropical climate that comprises of two season namely dry and wet seasons. The wet seasons starts from the month of April and ends in October, while the dry season starts from November and continues till March. The two seasons are affected by the south-westerly winds coming from the Atlantic Ocean and north-easterly winds which come from the Sahara Desert. Another weather phenomenon (micro climate) is associated with the presence of inselbergs. This feature exerts an influence on local weather greater than their size. Rainfall: Rainfall data obtained from the Department of Meteorological Services Lokoja for 25 years (1989- 2005) reveals that the maximum daily rainfall figures of Lokoja town are as follows: Humidity and Temperature: The highest temperatures in the study area always tend to occur at the end of the dry season close to the spring equinox. Thus March has the highest temperature of about 34.5 c, while the lowest temperature occur in the middle of the dry season in December/January, when outgoing radiation is encouraged by low humidity, clear skies and longer nights. The temperature at this time falls as low as 22.8 c. In the dry season there is a decrease in relative humidity from south to north in the study area caused by the higher elevation in the north. In the rainy season, this variation disappears and associated with the high relative humidity is an extensive cloud cover over the region. ECONOMY Agriculture is main stay in Lokoja area economy, various crops are widely grown in the area which includes; coffee, cocoa, palm oil, cashews, groundnuts, maize, cassava, yam, rice and melon.The state is home to the largest iron and steel industry in Nigeria known as Ajaokuta Steel Company Limited. One of the largest cement factories in Africa, the Obajana Cement Factory . MAP OF NIGERIA DEPICTING STUDY AREA Limitation of the Study The major problem in the field of study is language barrier and through these, the researcher that did not understand their language (respondents) will find it difficult to express his mind freely to those that did not understand English language which is the general language in Nigeria, among the respondents. Another problem is illiteracy among the respondents; because some of the respondent finds it difficult to fill questionnaire which is the main information needed from them for the completion of the project. Lastly regardless of these limitations, data collected are sufficient enough to reach the research objectives. 1.8 Definition of Terms Infrastructures It can be generally defined as the set of interconnected structural elements that provide framework supporting an entire structure of development The term typically refers to the technical structures that support a society, such as roads, bridges, water supply, sewers, electrical grids, telecommunications, and so forth, and can be defined as the physical components of interrelated systems providing commodities and services essential to enable, sustain, or enhance societal living conditions The terms housing demand and housing needs are often confused. There are Some key differences between housing demand and housing needs that must beclarified. The meaning assigned to both terms is erroneously similar in manydocuments. The following statement is extracted from the study of housing- Demand models published by the Housing Branch in Hong Kong which asserts that: Housing needs Housing needs is defined as the number of existing ornew households requiring adequate housing. Anadequately housed household is one that lives in selfcontained living quarters made of permanent material.(Liu, Wu, et al. 1996) They also proffer a workable definition of housing demand, viz: Housing demand Housing demand is defined as the number of householdsactually seeking accommodation. In the public sector,demand is assumed to be equal to housing needs. In theprivate sector, demand is constrained by affordability. Facility may refer to: An installation, contrivance, or other things which facilitates something; a place for doing something: Literature Review Infrastructure has been variously defined, according to William Merish and Catherine Brown described infrastructure as the systematic framework which underpins a communitys ability to fulfill its mission of providing a basis of its citizen to productive and to nurture social equity.Omuojine(1997) described it as the stock of fixed capital assets in a country for example Road, railways, Airports, Hospitals, Waterway, power stations, water works, and telecommunication network. It serves as slender threads that weaves together human want and value with those of the environment.Literally, it refers to fixed facilities or installation traditionally provided by public sector. Omuojine (1997) classified it as followed. Transportation including road, railway, airports, seaports and water way. Water supply including water works and Dams Electricity including power stations Telecommunication including postal, telephone, telex, fax, mile services. Health including Hospital, maternity home, and health centers. Sanitation and solid waste disposal. Drainage and Embankments. Infrastructures have certain characteristics viz. Requires large lump sum investment. Entails considerable economic of scale which results in monopolies. Has a high level of externalities both positives and negatives. Intermediate input characteristics. Possess important networks effects. Posses difficulties in cost recovery. While these characteristics have generally remained true, the exact character trait will depends on whether it is urban, rural or inter rural. Infrastructure or trunk and feeder type of fixed/ moving facilities, or the operator of the facility i.e. Whether public or private, central/ state, local Government agencies. Infrastructures include the aggregate of all facilities that enables a society to function effectively, by providing the physical facilities, which moves people, goods, commodities, water, waste, Electricity, road, sewerage and information infrastructure provides an enabling environment for growth and enhanced quality of life.PojuOnibokun (1985) infrastructure is therefore; universally regarded as the engine that drives the city. The linkage between the economy activities and infrastructure continue to grow stronger and more critical as an economic activity becomes increasingly more complicated and global in scope. Lawal (1997). Through the provision of urban infrastruct ure is tradition all the presence of government, the growing difficulties and limitation of public finance and the reality of the wide gap between the demand and supply of infrastructures services with all its pervasive effect inevitably compel urban authorities to look to the private sector and community. Based organization (cbos) for partnership. Babawale (2004) infrastructure is generally poor in developing countries. Although it differs widely among countries and sectors. In Nigeria for instance most households and private companies get electricity form private generating sets because of power holding of Nigeria unreliability. This imposed extra cost on companies and environmental effects on neighbors. There is no water supply in most cities and therefore no waste disposal system. HOUSING DEMAND Housing demand is defined as the housing need people backed up with the purchasing power or the ability and willingness to pay. According to You (1993). As quoted in Olufemi(1993), housing demand could be expressed in term of purchasing power, a function of income, family size, location and tradition etc. Housing demand is different from need. It is only when the need (desire) is backed up with price or rent that we talk of effective demand.According to Robinson (1979), there are three main component of housing demand and these are. From new households, demand from movers between tenure group and demand from existing household within a particular tenure groups. The author also noted that renting is an important feature of demand. This is because the majority of household who could not build or purchase their own home often result to renting. Demand for housing differs from place to place across the socio- economic groups. For instant demand in the city differs from that of the rural areas. Demand also differs among high, medium, and low income groups. Housing demand also changes with time and with social and economic situations. In Nigeria for instance there is a noticeable change in the demand for different type of units. As income and building technology changes. There has been gradually change from the demand for row housing or face to face tenement to more modern housing types such as self contain and flats apartment as well as duplexes. Generally,housing market or sub market of the low income group demonstrates a great diversity of demand, which result from two major factors (UNCHS, 1996) first is there disposal income and the second is how much they are prepared to spend on housing. The amount of money they are willing to spend on housing is in turn determined by the type of accommodation available, the location, s ize, and quality of the houses in terms of infrastructure and services available, and the level of security offered. The demand for housing is a reflection of the ability of household to pay for them. Thus, an examination of households, income and prices of housing unit provides a basis for accessing housing demand, an assessment of the housing demand situation in Nigeria by the UNCHS (1993) reveals that the different income groups are confined to different options. Generally, the poor economic situation in Nigeria during and in the post. Structure adjustment program (SAP) period has affected the purchasing power of the majority. Although household income have risen, in numerical terms, by a factor of about five since 1987, the purchasing power has declined by a factor of about eight(UNCHS,1993). It is therefore observed that the household income of the lowest income group are too low to allow them to exercise any effective demand for formal housing in the open market consequently, majority of the low income household cannot afford any form of formal housing without subsidy. Thus they resort to sur vival outside the formal housing market. For this group the UNCHS (1993) observed that. the present 20% of the household do not earn enough to participate in formal housing market in the urban area. They resort to various informal housing arrangements for themselves. This arrangement includes the setting -up of shanty dwellings of their own on land belonging to them(squatting), renting shanty dwelling, colonization of uncompleted multiples storey buildings, occupation of vacant spaces in public buildings at night,etc. BASIC CONCEPT OF HOUSING. Housing is an empirical word as Salau (1990) has written The confusion of given an exact meaning of definition to housing is perhaps due to the multi-dimensional nature of housing itself Agboola (1998) stated that Housing involves series of processes by which resources such as land, labour, finance and building materials are combine to produce new housing. It involves also the upgrading of existing housing to the demanders .He explained further that housing particular delivery system encompasses the process that allocates housing unit to households in particular country and that housing delivery is stimulated and sustained by the demand and supply mechanism this of course,means that in a free market economy like Nigeria, the forces of demand and supply for housing stock, may determine what stocks come into the housing delivery market and who among the demander get what from the market?. According to Baurue (1981), Housing is the provision of all forms of infrastructures for a conducive living environment whereas habitable and standard houses bythe residential or commercial or any other forms of building properly arranged in a statutorily planned area meeting all the forms of planning rules and ordinances in housings.World health Organization (WHO). Defined housing as a residential environment which includes in addition to the physical structures. The main uses for shelter, all necessary services, facilities, equipment and devices needed or desire for physical or social wellbeing of the family and individuals. Ayeni(1984) defines housing as not only referring to the shelter provided by the structure but also the lot on which the shelter stands and the services provided to the lots such as waterand energy supply, waste disposal, drainage, fire and police protection and kick lighter (1986)defined the term housing in its entire ramification to refer to more than just a dwelling but also included all that is within and surrounds thedwelling. Salau(1990) transcends the physical dimensions of shelter and include the general environment within which the structure is located and the availability of essentialsocial services and infrastructural facilities, which ultimately ensure the satisfaction of the population. National housing policy (1991), housing forms an important part of peoples life and it is rather inseparable from them as it provides the users of occupiers shelters, security, privacy, prestige and a means of self-expression. It is a basic need as everyone requires a shelter, which for most people means a home that, is a permanent base in which the greater part of time is spent. Ozo (1987), asserted that a house must be a home;that is , a resting place in which to try to fulfill the fundamental purpose of human society,namely a secure , rewarding, happy or atleast a reliable life.to the individual family,a house as both a shelter and symbols of physical protection and psychological identity of economic valueand a foundation for security and self respect.Olotuali (1997) stated that housing provides the framework of meeting mans need for shelterand it is all encompassing phenomenon of the creation of the environment, in which man grows and lives and grows.Bourne (1981)summed housing up as a physical entity, a good artifact, an economic good, a capital stockand a statue symbol all at once.Madge(1968) assorted that housing is an important element in all capital formation and the largest single component in total building of any nation. According to Omole(2001), housing is more than a mere shelter in its proper definition , housing can be defined as a residential environment which man uses for shelter and the environment of the structure needed or design for his physical and mental health as well as the social being. Ozo (1987), a house is certainly the bulkiest, the most difficult to move and most durable consumer good. In view of the enormous resources requiredin acquiring housing (since it can hardly be purchase out of ones income in less developed countries). It is true measure of the social- economic statues of a society. Looking at the definitions above .therefore a good housing or shelter development of a group of people and a nation at large. A well determined settlement equally determined the productivity and consumption ration as well as economic, moral and welfare terms of the people or nation. THE NIGERIAN HOUSING MARKET The Nigerian housing market is highly untapped and undeveloped despite lot of opportunities that abound in the sector (Akeju 2007). This is basically due to many reasons amongst which includes. Lack of finance Government policy Lack of infrastructural development High level of poverty. There is continuous increase in the average price of house due to increase in cost of building materials and inflation in the economy. This has highly contributed to the upward trend in the house trend in the house price which has significantly affected the number of unit of houses constructed annually. The Government efforts at addressing the problem have not been successful due to its unsustainable approach of providing houses to the people, the houses are grossly inadequate and unaffordable by the larger proportion of the masses for which they are meant for. There are efforts by the private individuals to help in alleviating these housing problems. The bulk of the housing problems is prevalent in urban cities, but there are lot of un occupied and dilapidated houses in the rural areas to urban centers for greener pastures. Most individual that are involved in property development build for their own uses or are home owners, while the few ones involves in building for commercial purposes, build shops and space to let for offices because if the high rental income accruing from such commercial properties. The residential developments in most cases are illegal, informal and untitled. This is due to long, undue delay to title registration and laxity in enforcing development control regulations by the official of the urban and regional planning department (Fasakin and Ogunmakin 2006). Private sectors contribution toward alleviating this housing problems has been I the form of individual efforts, cooperative societies or association, corporate bodies, estate agents, nongovernmental organization / charity organization and foreign investors, their contributions toward alleviating housing problems in Nigeria are briefly discussed below. INDIVIDUALS This represent the greatest source of contribution from the private sector in most urban centers where the housing problem is very prevalent , a greater proportion of the population dwells in residential houses built by private individuals. These individual financed the project through their personal savings, borrowing from family, friends and lenders or cooperative movements. It can be categorically stated that number of housing unit built by individual have been very substantial when compared with other source of constructing houses. (2) COOPERATIVE BODIES The idea of cooperatives housing have started long time ago when individual planning to own a house seek help from relative, in town, neighbors and friends (Wahab 1988). This concept has been successfully tested and certified in countries like Italy, United Kingdom, Zambia, Sweden and Philippines (Daramola, 2006). It is suited to meet the need of low income earner who constitutes the vast majority of Nigerians. The member of the cooperative are able to enjoy housing loan for the construction of their own housing unit. (3) CORPORATE BODIES. The federal government of Nigeria has realized that they cannot solve the housing problem alone. Has involved the cooperate bodies to contributes their own goals towards the achieving the objectives of housing for all. It was evident that most of the companies have totally neglect for housing needs of their workers. These consequently made the Government come to the rescue of the workers. These consequently made the Government come to the rescue of the workers through the promulgation of employee housing scheme (special provision). Decree 54 of 1979, thus compelling any employer of 500 employees to provide minimum housing of 50 units of which 75% should available for non-executive staff. (4) ESTATE DEVELOPER / AGENTS The private developer or estate agents activities were concentrated in Lagos in 1990 and they play significant roles in the development of the Nigeria housing market (Efin. A and Finmark trust,2010), they ensure adequate shelter is provided to meet the demand of the increasing number of people having housing need. They often employ various finance techniques such as turnkey, pre-letting and joint finance to construct housing unit for the people (Nubi 2000). (5) NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATION AND VOLUNTARY ORGANISATION. In recent year there is increasing trends by non-governmental organization and voluntary organization such as religion bodies to contribute their own effort at addressing the housing problems faced by the people in both rural and urban cities. They assist resetting displaced people having housing problem as a result of natural disaster like war, flood, famine, earthquakes, and etc. (6) FOREIGN PARTNERS / INVESTORS. The government through its various development policies has attempted to encourage foreign investors in the housing market. This is usually in the form of foreign partnership with the local estate developers.These provided more capital base for the estate company, thus making them to be involved in large capital based project. The company are usually handling Government housing project which are capital intensive and required more technical expertise and knowledge. THE ECONOMICS OF HOUSING Housing as a product is regarded as a commodity with an exchange value, according to Angel et.al (1992), housing is viewed as a commodity with an exchange value rather than as goods to be produced and allocated outside the market place. Hence the housing sector is composed as a vast set of exchange relations, driven by supply and demand forces which permit all part of the sector despite the existence of apparently distinctive sub markets. (Agunbiade 1993). The units in the standing stock to be traded in the market have a contribution of attributes and qualities, which determines their selling prices. Such attributes include age and durability of structures, total floor space, structural design and internal layout, location accessibility, ancillary services present, security, aesthetics and the general environmental condition. These attributes distinguish one unit from the other. Thus the structural condition of units and the flow of services they yield determine the value of housing unit in the market. According to Robinson (1979) there are two measure of value in the housing market, these are rent and price. Rent is the payment made for a flow of housing services received over a specific period of time while price is the capital value associated with a particular unit of stockin the ordinary sense, we could argue that the value of housing unit (V) is equalto its price (P) i.e. V = P . However in some cases, the different between the exchange value and the actual value is refers to as subsidy, which is often, paid by Government or corporate bodies to their employees. Thus, subsidy could be regarded as a distortion to the actual market determined price or rent of a housing unit. Housing need, supply and housing price in an economy involved complex processes that are influenced by social and economic force. The understanding of the nature and attributes of the demand and supply of housing is therefore important in any housing study. However, before we address the issue of need, demand, supply and price. It is ideal to consider the characteristics of housing as a product 2.5 ROLE OF INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES ON DEVELOPMENT Ratchiffe (1995) classical rent theory conceptualizes that general improvement in access routes (Roads) have positive effect on the areas land values; Boyce and Allen (1974) in Denver studied the impact of accessibility and amenities on property values. They selected several study areas then applied six (6) criteria encompassing accessibility, amenities and property characteristics and used regression analysis to investigate 24,082 property transactions. They identified a positive impact of infrastructural facilities on property values. Stopper and Meybury (1971) claimed that the relevance of transportations facilities in influencing urban growth and development is reflected in most North. American and Europeans town which shows a growth pattern derived largely from transactional routes. Abouchar (1977) investigated the impact of a subway on property value on Toronto, he studies the metropolitan Toronto subway system through on analysis of the operations of welfare criteria with the basic objective of distinguishing the impact of the subway on property value (demand and price) by looking at year to year relative percentage changes in property values in and out of the subway corridor. However, his analysis concluded that the subway had no effect on the property value in the subway area. The validity of findings and conclusion are questionable as the study did not fulfill the requirement of a before and after approach because the analysis of the property market was concluded in 1992 the date the subway began its operation. Abdulateef (1997) observed a positive impact of road transportation and communication on land use development and property values, the provision of infrastructural facilities in any socio economic unit whether a nation, region or community could have either a positive or negative impact on property value. For instance, the provision of an incinerator in a residential district will have a negative effect on the value of the properties in that area while the provision of infrastructural facilities like good roads network, water and electricity supply, drainage system, good refuse collection treatment and disposal system etc enhances values to unpre cedented level just as the inadequacy or lack or these facilities adversely affect value as a paradox. 2.6 IDENTIFICATION OF PUBLIC UTILITIES MANAGEMENT AGENCIES IN NIGERIA The prominent public agencies for the provision and management of the infrastructural facilities in Nigeria are: Power holding company of Nigeria Plc. In charge of electricity generation, distribution and supply to consumers (PHCN) Nigeria telecommunications limited (NITEL) State water corporation State waste management boards Federal road maintenance agencies (FEMA) Nigerian communications commission (NCC) Federal air

Fathering, An Option? :: essays research papers

Recently the issue whether lesbians or single women should have the right to the access of IVF treatment has brought about the argument of the importance of men in the task of rearing children. Fathers are being reduced to the role of only sperm donors and are consequently disregarded as an important factor in parenting. There is significant evidence that points to a range of benefits for children who have active fathers. These include *greater ambition, respect for the opposite sex, stronger sexual identity, higher self-esteem, better achievement at school, and fewer behavioral problems. It seems that these benefits have more to do with the importance of fathering roles than solely having a second person parenting. This seems like enough evidence to support the importance of fathers but lesbians and other single women still seem ready to take these benefits away from their own children. Men parent differently from women and also contribute differently to the development of their children. Fathers relate best through their activity with the children and generally derive different responses from their involvement. *Children usually associate their fathers with the activities they enjoy doing with them. From experience, I know how enjoyable it is to play sport with my dad. Rarely does my mother say â€Å"lets go out and kick the ball around†. These sporting skills that are obtained from playing sport with a father, aid in the acceptance from other children when playing sport. This can lead to a higher self-esteem and more enjoyment when it comes to participating in sport. Better outcomes for boys lie in getting them closer in contact with men. Research has shown that *the socialization process breaks down in children when they have little or no contact with men. This can adversely affect the child later on in life. Also, studies have shown that *boys prefer to be around men more than they do women. How many times have you heard young boys say they want to be just like their fathers? Fathers are usually considered their number one role model. By Fathers becoming close with children and showing them love and affection they are able to influence the children by showing them how to act towards others. It is important to note that men not only have positive effects on boys, but also the contribution to the development of girls. *Girls gain first hand knowledge of how the men around them think, feel, and act in their current environment. Fathering, An Option? :: essays research papers Recently the issue whether lesbians or single women should have the right to the access of IVF treatment has brought about the argument of the importance of men in the task of rearing children. Fathers are being reduced to the role of only sperm donors and are consequently disregarded as an important factor in parenting. There is significant evidence that points to a range of benefits for children who have active fathers. These include *greater ambition, respect for the opposite sex, stronger sexual identity, higher self-esteem, better achievement at school, and fewer behavioral problems. It seems that these benefits have more to do with the importance of fathering roles than solely having a second person parenting. This seems like enough evidence to support the importance of fathers but lesbians and other single women still seem ready to take these benefits away from their own children. Men parent differently from women and also contribute differently to the development of their children. Fathers relate best through their activity with the children and generally derive different responses from their involvement. *Children usually associate their fathers with the activities they enjoy doing with them. From experience, I know how enjoyable it is to play sport with my dad. Rarely does my mother say â€Å"lets go out and kick the ball around†. These sporting skills that are obtained from playing sport with a father, aid in the acceptance from other children when playing sport. This can lead to a higher self-esteem and more enjoyment when it comes to participating in sport. Better outcomes for boys lie in getting them closer in contact with men. Research has shown that *the socialization process breaks down in children when they have little or no contact with men. This can adversely affect the child later on in life. Also, studies have shown that *boys prefer to be around men more than they do women. How many times have you heard young boys say they want to be just like their fathers? Fathers are usually considered their number one role model. By Fathers becoming close with children and showing them love and affection they are able to influence the children by showing them how to act towards others. It is important to note that men not only have positive effects on boys, but also the contribution to the development of girls. *Girls gain first hand knowledge of how the men around them think, feel, and act in their current environment.